Exploring Nanotechnology Multimedia Encyclopedia
Multimedia Education and Courses in Nanotechnology
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Nanotechnology Courses: Exploring NANOTECHNOLOGY Encyclopedia
Table of Contents
 
 
300 computer
generated animations!

Exploring Nanotechnology CD-ROM represents the fruition of the cooperation between more than 200 scientific groups active in the field, including snapshots of real-life research from the most active world-wide laboratories and institutes.

The scientific content of the Nanopolis encyclopedias is continuously updated through its online co-authoring editorial system in order to keep you connected to the most recent and important accomplishments in nanotechnology.

 
NANOSTRUCTURES
1
Aerogels
    General Presentation
    • The Aerogel
    • Fabrication

    Properties
    • Thermal
    • Chemical
    • Electrical
    • Optical

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
2
Carbon Nanotubes
    General Presentation
    • Structure
    • Types
    • Preparation

    Properties
    • Mechanical
    • Electrical
    • Optical
    • Thermal

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
3
Dendrimers
    General Presentation
    • Structure
    • Synthesis

    Properties
    • Dimensions
    • Functionality
    • Encapsulation
    • Megamers
    • Therapeutics

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
4
Magnetic Molecules
    General Presentation
    • The spin
    • Single Molecule Magnets
    • Ferric wheels
    • Geometry
    • Synthesis

    Properties
    • Magnetic relaxation
    • Storage capacity
    • Spin crossover
    • Macroscopic quantum-tunneling

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
5
Metallic Nanoparticles
    General Presentation
    • Shape
    • Crystal structure
    • Synthesis

    Properties
    • Electronic properties
    • Optical properties
    • Chemical properties

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
6
Nanoclays
    General Presentation
    • Structure
    • Preparation
    • Nanoclay-polymer composites

    Properties
    • Mechanical strength
    • Gas barrier
    • Flame retardance

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
7
Photonic Crystals
    General Presentation
    • Photons vs. electrons
    • 1D photonic crystals
    • 2D photonic crystals
    • 3D photonic crystals

    Properties
    • Photonic band gap
    • Negative refraction
    • Polarization
    • Defects

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
8
Quantum Corrals
    General Presentation
    • Structure
    • The electrons inside
    • The optical corral

    Properties
    • Wavelike electrons
    • Magnetic impurities
    • Quantum mirage - view sample

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
9
Self-Assembled Monolayers
    General Presentation
    Properties
    • Electric properties
    • Optical properties
    • Wetting

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
10
Nanowires
    General Presentation
    • Size of nanowires
    • Heterogeneous nanowires
    • Synthesis

    Properties
    • Ballistic electronic transport
    • Transversal quantization of energy
    • Conductance quantization
    • Photoluminescence
    • Thermal properties

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
11
Semiconductor Quantum Dots
    General Presentation
    • Self assembled quantum dots
    • Lithographically defined dots
    • Electrical field created quantum dots

    Properties
    • Spectral diffusion and optical blinking
    • Quantum confinement
    • Coulomb blockade
    • Artificial atom nature

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
12
Fluorescent Semiconductor Nanocrystals
    General Presentation
    • Structure
    • Synthesis

    Properties
    • Fluorescence
    • Quantum confinement
    • Size dependence of the fluorescence spectrum
    • Bio-conjugation

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
 
NANOFABRICATION
1
Electron-Beam Lithography
    General Presentation
    The Core Process
    • EBL column
    • The resist layer
    • Developing

    Advantages
    Applications
    • Integrated Circuits and masks
    • Photo masks
    • Direct writing

    Types
    • Raster/vector method - view sample
    • Shaped beam system
    • Cell projection system
    • SCALPEL
    • PREVAIL
    • Other systems

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
2
Nanoimprint Lithography
    General Presentation
    The Core Process
    • System scheme
    • Nano-stamp fabrication
    • Imprinting

    Advantages
    Applications
    • Nanofluidic channels
    • AR structures

    Types
    • Hot Embossing Lithography (HEL)
    • UV-NIL
    • Micro Contact Printing

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
3
Chemical Vapor Deposition
    General Presentation
    The Core Process
    Advantages
    Applications
    • GaN semiconductors
    • Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs)
    • Carbon nanotube growth

    Types
    • Thermal CVD
    • Atmospheric Pressure CVD (APCVD)
    • Low Pressure CVD (LPCVD)
    • Plasma Enhanced CVD (CVD)
    • Laser CVD (LCVD)
    • Metal-Organic CVD (MOCVD)

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
4
Focused Ion Beams
    General Presentation
    The Core Process
    • Instrumentation
    • Principal

    Advantages
    • No need for masks or resists
    • Sample defects
    • Oblique cuts

    Types
    Applications
    • Nanofabrication
    • TEM sample preparation
    • Fabrication of nanopillars
    • Fabrication of nanopore arrays

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
5
Pulsed Laser Deposition
    General Presentation
    The Core Process
    • Principle
    • Influence of parameters
    • Unwanted effects

    Advantages
    • Stoichiometry control
    • High deposition rate
    • Flexibility

    Applications
    • High-temperature superconductors
    • Ferroelectric capacitors
    • Colossal magnetoresistance

    Types
    • Off-axis PLD
    • Rotational-translational PLD
    • Laser beam rastering PLD

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
6
Sputtering Deposition
    General Presentation
    The Core Process
    Advantages
    Applications
    Types
    • DC sputtering
    • RF sputtering
    • Magnetron sputtering
    • Reactive sputtering

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
7
Molecular Self-Assembly
    General Presentation
    The Core Process
    • Basic bricks
    • Interaction forces
    • Entropy

    Advantages
    Applications
    • Ionic channels
    • Artificial bone engineering
    • Drug delivery
    • Assembly of host guest complexes
    • Assembly of dendrimers

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
8
Hydrothermal synthesis
    General Presentation
    The Core Process
    Advantages
    • Single step production
    • Not obey the valence rule
    • Highly uniform size
    • Low aggregation level
    • Microwave stimulation

    Applications
    • Nanoparticle production
    • Carbon nanotube production

    Types
    • Forced hydrolysis
    • Phase transformations
    • Metallic reactants

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
9
Molecular Beam Epitaxy
    General Presentation
    The Core Process
    • Operation principle
    • Crystal growth phenomena

    Advantages
    Applications
    • Crystal growth types
    • Crystalline structure mismatch

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
10
Electrospinning
    General Presentation
    The Core Process
    Advantages
    Types
    • Collector with a gap electrospinning
    • Sharp edge wheel collector electrospinning

    Applications
    • Tissue engineering
    • Filtration media

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
 
INSTRUMENTS
1
Atomic Force Microscopy
    General Presentation
    Functioning Principle
    Advantages
    • Capillary forces
    • Resolution
    • STM vs. AFM

    Applications
    • Anodic oxidation
    • Nano-manipulation
    • Living cells
    • Polymers

    Types
    • Contact mode
    • Non-contact mode
    • Tapping mode
    • Lateral friction mode
    • Sample elasticity

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
2
Electrostatic Force Microscopy
    General Presentation
    Functioning Principle
    Advantages
    Applications
    • Single electron tunneling
    • Ferroelectric storage media
    • Contact potential

    Types
    • Nano-Kelvin
    • High-frequency EFM
    • Static Charges
    • DC-EFM

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
3
Magnetic Force Microscopy
    General Presentation
    Functioning Principle
    Advantages
    • Demagnetization
    • Resolution

    Applications
    • Magnetic media
    • Current crowding
    • Domain writing

    Types
    • High-frequency MFM
    • Quartz tunning fork MFM
    • Magnetic dissipation
    • Magnetoresistive Sensitivity Mapping (MSM)

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
4
Scanning Electron Microscopy
    General Presentation
    Functioning Principle
    • Apparatus
    • Electron-solid interaction
    • Detectors
    • Image formation

    Advantages
    • Conductive coating
    • Depth of field

    Applications
    • Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (WDX/EDX)
    • Electron Beam Induced Current Microscopy (EBIC)
    • Scanning Electron Microscopy with Polarization Analysis (SEMPA)

    Types
    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
5
Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy
    General Presentation
    Functioning Principle
    • SNOM principle
    • Crashing tip
    • Near-field feedback
    • Shear force feedback

    Advantages
    Applications
    • Near-field recording
    • Polarization contrast
    • Chemical identification
    • Manipulation of atoms

    Types
    • Aperture SNOM
    • Scattering type SNOM
    • Active media SNOM

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
6
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
    General Presentation
    Functioning Principle
    • Tunneling
    • STM

    Advantages
    Applications
    • Nanolithography
    • Atom manipulation
    • Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy
    • Atom deposition

    Types
    • Constant current mode
    • Constant height mode
    • Spin Polarized STM (SP-STM)
    • STM & environment

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
7
Transmission Electron Microscopy
    General Presentation
    Functioning Principle
    • Electron gun
    • Electron optics - view sample
    • Electron-specimen interaction

    Advantages
    • Sample slicing
    • Sample staining
    • Sample crushing

    Applications
    • Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS)
    • Energy filtering
    • Elemental mapping
    • Electron Diffraction X-ray Spectroscopy(EDXS)

    Types
    • High resolution TEM
    • Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM)
    • Electron Diffraction
    • Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction (CBED)

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
8
Infrared Spectroscopy
    General Presentation
    Functioning Principle
    • Principle
    • Transmitted/reflected infrared radiation
    • Diffuse reflected infrared radiation
    • Attenuated total reflectance

    Advantages
    • Relevant structural information
    • Analysis time
    • Complementary to Raman spectroscopy

    Applications
    • Analysis of functionalized nanotubes
    • Analysis of order in self-assembled monolayers

    Types
    • Dispersive infrared spectroscope
    • Fourier transform infrared spectroscope

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
9
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
    General Presentation
    Functioning Principle
    • What is measured?
    • Larmor frequency
    • Bulk magnetization
    • Chemical shift
    • Relaxation times

    Advantages
    • Analysis of samples in solution
    • Non-invasive analysis of biologic environments

    Applications
    • 3D structure of proteins
    • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
    • NMR Quantum Computing

    Types
    • NMR for structural analysis of proteins
    • Magnetic resonance imaging

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
10
Optical Tweezers
    General Presentation
    Functioning Principle
    • The main forces
    • Instrumentation
    • Laser beam types

    Advantages
    Applications
    • Molecular motor analysis
    • Force measurement
    • Nano-fabrication
    • Optically driven rotors

    Types
    • Holographic tweezers
    • Raman tweezers

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
11
Mass Spectrometry
    General Presentation
    Functioning Principle
    • Sample ionization
    • Mass analysis

    Advantages
    • High resolution
    • Tandem measurements

    Applications
    • Protein fingerprint

    Types
    • Ionization techniques
    • Mass analysis techniques

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
12
Ultra Violet and Visible Spectroscopy
    General Presentation
    Functioning Principle

    Advantages
    • Simple instrumentation - low costs
    • Non-invasiveness

    Applications
    • Defect analysis in semiconductors
    • Carbon nanotube analysis

    Types
    • Photoluminescence
    • Raman spectroscopy
    • Ellipsometru
    • Photoreflectance

    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
 
APPLICATIONS - NANOELECTRONICS
1
Carbon Nanotube Field-Emission Displays
    The Principle
    CNT vs. CRT
    Fabrication
    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
2
Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors
    Fabrication and design
    Functioning - view sample
    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
3
Single Photon Detectors
    Single Electron Transistor SPD
    Superconducting SPD
    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
4
Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes
    Conventional LEDs
    • Doping
    • Energy levels

    Quantum dot LEDs
    Q-dot LED types
    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
APPLICATIONS - NANOMATERIALS
1
Textile Applications
    Self-cleaning
    Anti-bacterial functionality
    CNT strands
    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
2
Automotive Applications
    Paintwork
    Self-cleaning glass
    Environment
    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
3
Cosmetics
    UV protection
    Encapsulation
    Anti-aging
    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
4
Filtration membranes
    Membrane classes
    Reverse osmosis
    Filtration techniques
    Filtration designs
    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
5
Thermal Insulations
    Ceramic TBCs
    Nanolaminates
    Aerogel insulators
    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
APPLICATIONS - LIFE SCIENCES
1
Orthopedic Implants
    Bones - nanostructured materials
    Bone implants and their problems
    Advantages of nano-implants
    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
2
Bionanotechnology Applications to the Central Nervous System
    Structure of the CNS
    Neural regeneration
    Neuro-protection
    Neuro-prosthesis
    Neural imaging
    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
3
Nanoporous Membranes in Drug Delivery
    Protection against the immune system
    Controlled release mechanisms
    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
4
Stealth Nanoparticles
    Flow through the circulatory system
    Avoiding opsonization
    Avoiding splenic filtration
    Passing into the limphatic system
    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
5
Nano Drug Targeting to Tumors
    Concept
    Players (Available only in full version.)
6
Neural Electrical Interfaces
    Interaction with micro-fabricated silicon chips
    Interaction with CNT-patterned chips
    Interaction with quantum dots
    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
APPLICATIONS - ENERGY
1
Thermoelectric Conversion
    Thermoelectric conversion devices
    Improvement generated by nanotechnology
    Interaction with quantum dots
    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
2
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
    Structure
    Operation principle
    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
3
Lithium Ion Batteries
    Principle of lithium-ion rechargeable battery
    Potential improvements by nanotechnology
    Overview of research and industrial players (Available only in Business version)
 
HEAD-FIGURES
1
Research Institutes
    Advanced Photon Source
    Canadian Light Source
    European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
    Forschungszentrum Julich
    GKSS Forschungszentrum
    Hahn Meitner Institute
    Institut Laue - Langevin
    The ISIS Pulse Source
    Los Alamos Neutron Science
    SOLEIL Synchrotron
    Laboratoire Leon Brillouin - CEA
2
Companies
    Nanocyl
    Nanofilm
    Nanonex
    Nantero
    Nascatec
    Photon Imaging Optics
    Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox
 
 
 
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